Hyperprolactinemia is a hormonal disorder characterized by elevated levels of the hormone prolactin in the blood, which is responsible for milk production after childbirth.
Women can develop it at different stages of life, affecting their menstrual cycle and fertility. It is important to understand its causes and symptoms to receive appropriate treatment in a timely manner.
What is hyperprolactinemia in women?
It is a condition in which prolactin levels in the blood are higher than normal, which can lead to hormonal disturbances that affect the menstrual cycle, fertility, and milk production.
Causes of hyperprolactinemia in women
There are many causes that may lead to hyperprolactinemia, including organic, functional, or pharmacological causes, such as:
- Pituitary prolactinomas.
- Thyroid diseases, such as hypothyroidism.
- Use of certain medications, such as antidepressants, high blood pressure medications, and antipsychotics.
- Chronic stress or tension.
- Excessive breast stimulation or prolonged breastfeeding.
- Chronic kidney or liver disease.
- Polycystic ovary syndrome.
Symptoms that appear in women with the condition
Symptoms of hyperprolactinemia in women clearly appear in the reproductive and hormonal systems through:
- Abortion or irregular menstrual cycle.
- Mammary secretion from the breast without pregnancy or breastfeeding.
- Infertility or difficulty conceiving.
- Vaginal dryness or decreased libido.
- Chronic headaches or visual disturbances, especially if the cause is a tumor.
- Breast pain.
Methods for Diagnosing Hyperprolactinemia
The condition is diagnosed using a series of tests to accurately determine the cause, such as:
- A blood test to measure prolactin levels.
- Other hormonal tests, such as thyroid hormones.
- An MRI of the brain to determine the presence of a pituitary tumor.
- Liver and kidney function tests.
- Review of medications used.
Possible Complications of the Condition
If hyperprolactinemia is left untreated, it may lead to:
- Chronic infertility.
- Osteoporosis due to low estrogen.
- Psychological problems such as depression or anxiety.
- Lack of sexual desire or frigidity.
- An increase in the size of the pituitary tumor, if present, which puts pressure on the optic nerves.
Medications for treating hyperprolactinemia in women
Several medications are available to help lower blood prolactin levels:
- Cabergoline is the most effective and modern medication.
- Bromocriptine is effective but may cause some side effects.
- Levodopa, in special cases.
Warning: Do not take any medication without medical supervision.
Methods for treating hyperprolactinemia
Treatment for hyperprolactinemia depends on the underlying cause of the elevated hormone:
- Treatment of the thyroid gland if it is the cause of the disorder.
- Discontinuation or replacement of the causative medications.
- Surgery to remove the pituitary tumor, in rare cases.
- Radiation therapy if medications or surgery are unsuccessful.
Ways to Prevent Hyperprolactinemia in Women
There is no specific method for complete prevention, but the risk of developing it can be reduced by following these tips:
- Review your medications with your doctor to avoid causative medications.
- Manage stress and reduce pressure.
- Consult your doctor regularly for thyroid tests.
- See your doctor if you have irregular menstrual cycles or abnormal breast secretions.
How does hyperprolactinemia affect the body?
Hyperprolactinemia significantly affects a woman's hormonal system, leading to:
- Ovulation and menstrual irregularities.
- Reduced fertility.
- A negative impact on sexual and psychological well-being.
- Long-term risk of osteoporosis.
- Sometimes it affects vision or causes chronic headaches if a tumor is present.
Article Summary
Hyperprolactinemia is a common medical condition in women that results from an abnormally high level of the hormone prolactin. Its causes are diverse, including pituitary tumors, hypothyroidism, and some medications.
Symptoms include menstrual irregularities, infertility, and milk secretion from the breasts. It is diagnosed with blood tests and MRI and can be treated with medication, and sometimes surgery or lifestyle modifications.