Childhood leukemia is a disease that affects the bone marrow, which is responsible for producing red blood cells. This leads to the formation of abnormal blood cells that hinder the production of healthy cells.
This weakens the child's immunity and causes numerous health problems. Despite the seriousness of the disease, advances in diagnostic and treatment methods increase the survival rate, especially when detected early.
What is childhood leukemia
Childhood leukemia is a type of cancer that affects the bone marrow, the part responsible for producing blood cells.
The bone marrow begins to produce abnormal white blood cells that grow and multiply abnormally, hindering the production of healthy cells, such as red blood cells and platelets.
What causes leukemia in children
The exact causes of childhood leukemia are not fully known, but there are factors that contribute to an increased risk of developing it, including:
- Weak immune system.
- A family history of leukemia.
- Some immunodeficiency diseases.
- Genetic defects and genetic mutations.
- Genetic disorders such as Down syndrome.
Types of Leukemia in Children
There are several types of leukemia in children, the most important of which are:
- Mixed Lymphocytic Leukemia (MLL).
- Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML).
- Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL).
- Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML).
- Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL).
- Juvenile Myeloid Leukemia (JML).
Symptoms of Leukemia in Children
Symptoms vary from one child to another and include:
- Fatigue and fatigue.
- Paleness and general weakness.
- Bone and joint pain.
- Loss of appetite and weight loss.
- Recurrent bleeding from the gums and nose.
- Recurrent fever.
- Recurrent infections due to a weakened immune system.
- The appearance of bruises or small red spots on the skin.
When do symptoms of leukemia begin to appear
Symptoms of leukemia in children begin to appear gradually as the number of cancer cells in the bone marrow increases at the expense of healthy cells.
Most symptoms appear within a few weeks of the onset of the disease, and parents may consider them mild, while in other types, symptoms appear quickly.
These symptoms are very evident over a short period, while in chronic types, symptoms may develop slowly over months before parents notice them.
Are there complications of leukemia in children
Leukemia in children can lead to serious complications if not diagnosed and treated early:
- Enlarged liver or spleen.
- Nausea and loss of appetite.
- Seizures and impaired consciousness.
- Increased bone and joint pain.
- Weakened immunity and increased risk of infection.
- Severe anemia with fatigue and difficulty breathing.
How is leukemia diagnosed in children
Leukemia in children is diagnosed through a clinical examination and medical tests, where symptoms such as pallor and swollen lymph nodes are observed.
The doctor then orders a complete blood count. If the result is abnormal, a bone marrow sample is taken to confirm the presence and type of cancer cells.
Genetic testing may be used to identify mutations associated with the disease, in addition to CT scans and MRIs to determine the extent of the disease.
Preventing Childhood Leukemia
There are no ways to prevent leukemia in children, as it is often linked to genetic factors. However, it is recommended to follow the following guidelines:
- Maintain a healthy diet.
- Avoid exposing children to radiation.
- Limit exposure to chemicals.
- Early detection when abnormal symptoms appear.
Is leukemia in children curable
Of course, a high percentage of recovery is possible if diagnosed early and appropriate treatment is initiated. Acute lymphocytic leukemia has the highest response rate to treatment.
Other types, such as acute myeloid leukemia, have lower cure rates, but they can be cured with chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and bone marrow transplantation.
The chance of recovery depends on several factors, including the type of cancer, the child's age, the extent of its spread, and the body's response to treatment.
Types of Treatment for Childhood Leukemia
Treatment for childhood leukemia depends on the number of cancerous cells in the blood, the child's age, and the speed of response to initial treatment. Treatment options include:
- Drug therapy.
- Targeted therapy.
- Immunotherapy.
- Chemotherapy.
- Radiation therapy.
- Bone marrow transplant.
- Blood or platelet transfusion.
Summary of Childhood Leukemia
Leukemia in children occurs due to the production of abnormal blood cells, which affects the immune system and prevents the formation of healthy cells. Symptoms appear gradually.
Diagnosis is made through blood tests and a bone marrow biopsy. With the development of chemotherapy, immunotherapy, bone marrow transplantation, and early detection, the cure rate has increased significantly.