Fibromyalgia is a chronic condition that affects women more than men and causes widespread body pain along with other symptoms that affect quality of life.
Although its exact cause is unknown, several factors contribute to its development, including psychological stress and hormonal imbalances.
What is Fibromyalgia in Women?
Fibromyalgia is a chronic disorder characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain throughout the body, accompanied by fatigue, difficulty sleeping, memory problems, and mood problems. It is believed to result from changes in the way the brain processes nerve signals related to pain.
Causes of Fibromyalgia in Women
There is no single known cause, but rather a combination of factors may contribute to the development of fibromyalgia, such as:
- Chronic stress or psychological trauma.
- Viral or bacterial infections such as influenza or hepatitis.
- Hormonal disorders such as thyroid disorders.
- Genetic factors, as the incidence of fibromyalgia runs in families.
- Lack of sleep or chronic sleep disturbances.
Physical injuries or accidents, especially to the spine. Symptoms in Women
Fibromyalgia symptoms appear gradually or after exposure to severe physical or emotional stress, such as:
- General pain throughout the body, especially in the muscles and joints.
- Persistent fatigue, even after adequate sleep.
- Restrained or interrupted sleep.
- Difficulty concentrating, also known as brain fog.
- Anxiety and depression.
- Frequent headaches or migraines.
- Digestive disorders, such as irritable bowel syndrome.
- Numbness or tingling in the hands or feet.
Methods for Diagnosing Fibromyalgia in Women
Fibromyalgia is diagnosed by ruling out other conditions and using specific criteria, such as:
- A complete medical history and physical examination.
- Ruling out other conditions, such as rheumatoid arthritis or lupus.
- Measures of widespread pain in four out of five areas of the body for more than three months.
- Evaluation of symptom severity, such as fatigue, sleep, cognition, and mood.
- There are no specific blood tests or imaging tests to confirm the diagnosis.
Potential Complications of Fibromyalgia
If left untreated, fibromyalgia can negatively impact a woman's daily and psychological life through:
- Reduced quality of life due to persistent pain.
- Difficulty performing work or household tasks.
- Psychological disorders such as anxiety and chronic depression.
- Problems with social or marital relationships due to constant stress.
- Social withdrawal or feelings of helplessness.
Medications for Treating Fibromyalgia in Women
There is no medication that can cure fibromyalgia, but there are medications that can help relieve symptoms, such as:
- Pain relievers such as paracetamol.
- Antidepressants such as duloxetine or amitriptyline.
- Sleep-enhancing medications such as pregabalin or gabapentin.
- Muscle relaxants in some cases.
- Caution: Medications must be taken under medical supervision to avoid side effects.
Other Treatment Methods Used Along with Medication
Treatment requires a comprehensive plan that includes medication and lifestyle changes through:
- Light exercise such as walking, swimming, and yoga.
- Cognitive behavioral therapy to manage stress and negative thoughts.
- Relaxation and meditation techniques.
- A healthy, balanced diet, reducing caffeine and sugar.
- Regulating sleep with a consistent schedule and a comfortable sleep routine.
- Psychological or group support through support groups for those affected.
Methods for Preventing Fibromyalgia in Women
Although it cannot be completely prevented, reducing triggers helps reduce the risk of developing it by:
- Reducing stress and psychological distress through relaxation and meditation.
- Maintaining a healthy and regular sleep pattern.
- Regular physical activity.
- Good nutrition and avoiding stimulants and inflammatory triggers.
- Treating any health or hormonal disorders early.
How Does It Affect the Menstrual Cycle?
Fibromyalgia may worsen menstrual symptoms in women by:
- Increasing the severity of muscle pain during menstruation.
- Premenstrual symptoms, such as tension and fatigue, are more severe.
- Irregular or heavy periods are caused by hormonal imbalance.
- Excessive sensitivity to pain makes menstrual symptoms more distressing.
- Some women experience worsening mental fog during their menstrual cycle.
Article Summary
Fibromyalgia is a chronic and complex condition that largely affects women and causes widespread muscle pain and a range of psychological and physical symptoms that can significantly impact daily life.
The cause of this condition is unknown, but it is often associated with genetic and hormonal factors. Diagnosis depends on ruling out other diseases and observing symptoms over a long period. Treatment includes medication, behavioral therapy, gentle exercise, and lifestyle changes.