Rheumatic fever is a serious illness that affects children in middle childhood, often appearing after a bacterial throat infection that is not treated properly.
Although it has become less common in some countries, it still poses a risk to the heart and joints if not treated early.
What is rheumatic fever?
Rheumatic fever is an abnormal immune response that occurs after a child is infected with a bacterial throat infection known as streptococcus bacteria.
The immune system attacks the bacteria, but in some cases, it mistakenly attacks the body's own tissues, especially the heart, joints, skin, and nervous system.
Causes of rheumatic fever in children
Rheumatic fever occurs as a result of an immune response following a bacterial infection. Several factors increase the likelihood of developing the disease, the most prominent of which are:
- Recurrent strep throat infections.
- Untreated throat or tonsil infections with appropriate antibiotics.
- Weak immunity or malnutrition.
- Genetic factors and family predisposition. Overcrowding and an unclean environment.
- Neglect of personal hygiene in children.
Symptoms of rheumatic fever in children
Symptoms usually appear two to four weeks after a sore throat, and the most prominent symptoms include:
- High fever.
- Joint pain and swelling.
- A red rash.
- General fatigue and limited mobility.
- Palpitations or chest pain.
- Involuntary movements of the face or limbs.
Possible Complications of Rheumatic Fever
The most serious complication of rheumatic fever is its effect on the heart, which may cause:
- Inflammation of the heart valves.
- Weakness of the heart muscle.
- Arrhythmia.
- Heart failure in chronic cases.
Factors that Increase the Risk of Rheumatic Fever
There are some factors that make some children more susceptible to infection, the most important of which are:
- Recurrent throat infections.
- Weakened immunity.
- Not completing the course of antibiotics.
- Malnutrition.
- Living in crowded places.
Treatments for Rheumatic Fever in Children
Treatment aims to eliminate the bacterial infection and prevent complications. It includes the following:
- Antibiotics to eliminate the causative bacteria.
- Anti-inflammatories to relieve joint pain and fever.
- Cortisone in severe cases to reduce inflammation.
- Heart-protecting medications under a doctor's supervision.
- Strict bed rest during the acute phase.
- Regular follow-up with a cardiologist.
Tips for Preventing Rheumatic Fever
Prevention begins with early treatment of sore throat and taking care of your child's health. The most important tips include:
- Treat sore throats immediately and do not neglect them.
- Commit to antibiotics as prescribed by your doctor.
- Strengthen your child's immunity with a healthy diet.
- Teach your child to wash hands regularly.
- Avoid contact with people with sore throat infections.
- Regular checkups for children who have previously had the disease.
Is rheumatic fever contagious?
No, but it is caused by contagious bacteria, so throat infections must be treated quickly.
Is it possible to completely recover from rheumatic fever?
Yes, with early diagnosis and regular treatment, a full recovery is possible and complications can be prevented.
Does rheumatic fever always affect the heart?
Not necessarily. Early treatment prevents the infection from reaching the heart in most cases.
Article Summary
Rheumatic fever is a serious complication of untreated strep throat infections and can affect the heart, joints, and nervous system.
Prevention and early treatment with antibiotics are key to avoiding complications and achieving a full recovery.