What is asthma?
Asthma is a chronic condition that affects the respiratory system, specifically the airways inside the lungs. In this condition, the airways become more sensitive and narrow when exposed to certain triggers, leading to difficulty breathing, coughing, and chest wheezing.
Asthma is not just a passing episode; it is a disease that requires continuous monitoring, especially since its symptoms can appear suddenly and vary in severity from one person to another.
Some patients may go for long periods without symptoms, then experience a severe attack triggered by something as simple as cold air or dust.
What are the causes of asthma?
There are several common causes of asthma, including:
- Genetic factors, especially if a family member has asthma
- Exposure to allergens such as dust, mold, pet dander, and pollen
- Repeated respiratory infections, especially in childhood
- Passive or active smoking
- Cold or polluted air
- Certain medications like aspirin and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
- Psychological stress or intense emotions
- Preservatives in some foods
- Acid reflux
- Intense physical activity
What are the common symptoms of asthma?
There are several symptoms that patients may experience, including:
- Shortness of breath
- Wheezing or crackling sounds while breathing
- Frequent coughing, especially at night or during exertion
- Chest pain or tightness
- Difficulty sleeping due to breathing issues or coughing
- Worsening symptoms during colds or flu
When should you see a doctor?
It is recommended to see a doctor immediately if any of the following occur:
- Severe shortness of breath that doesn't improve with inhaler use
- Daily recurrence of coughing or wheezing
- Difficulty performing daily activities due to breathing problems
- Frequent need for emergency medications
- Symptoms persist for more than a few days without improvement
How is asthma diagnosed?
Asthma is diagnosed using several methods, including:
- Clinical examination: The doctor asks about symptoms and family history
- Spirometry test: Measures the amount and speed of air exhaled from the lungs
- Peak flow meter: A simple device used at home to monitor breathing efficiency
- Methacholine challenge test: Used to confirm diagnosis when uncertain
- Nitric oxide test: Measures inflammation levels in the airways
What are the treatment options for asthma?
There are several ways to treat asthma, including:
1. Long-term medications:
- Inhaled corticosteroids
- Long-acting beta agonists
- Leukotriene modifiers like montelukast
- Theophylline to relax the airways
2. Quick-relief medications:
- Salbutamol
- Ipratropium
- Oral or intravenous corticosteroids
3. Allergy treatment:
- Allergy shots
- Anti-IgE antibodies, which are proteins produced by the body in response to allergens and cause symptoms like sneezing, itching, or skin rash when exposed to certain substances
4. Avoiding triggers and regular symptom monitoring
Can asthma be cured?
Asthma is a chronic disease that cannot be completely cured, but it can be effectively controlled.
Some patients live completely normal lives if they stick to their treatment plan and avoid triggers.
Improvement depends on the type of asthma, the severity of symptoms, and how committed the patient is to the treatment strategy.
What are the prevention tips for asthma?
Here are some tips to help prevent asthma:
- Avoid exposure to triggers like dust and smoke
- Use air purifiers at home
- Keep bedding and curtains clean to reduce dust mites
- Avoid pets if they cause allergic reactions
- Exercise moderately under medical supervision
- Stick to preventive medications
- Visit the doctor regularly
What are the possible complications of asthma?
Some complications may occur if asthma is left untreated, such as:
- Severe asthma attacks that may require hospitalization
- Permanent narrowing of the airways
- Side effects from long-term medication use
- Reduced quality of life due to persistent symptoms
Common questions about asthma
Does asthma only affect children?
No, it can affect adults too.
Can you exercise with asthma?
Yes, as long as symptoms are controlled and preventive medications are used.
Is asthma contagious?
No, it is not a contagious disease.
Can asthma disappear over time?
In some cases, especially in children, symptoms may lessen or disappear.