What is thalassemia?
Thalassemia is a genetic disorder that affects the blood and is characterized by a defect in the production of hemoglobin, which is responsible for carrying oxygen throughout the body.
This defect leads to a shortage of healthy red blood cells, causing chronic anemia.
The disease usually appears in childhood, and its severity can range from mild cases to severe ones that require continuous monitoring.
What are the causes of thalassemia?
There are several common causes of thalassemia, including:
- Transmission of defective genes from parents to the child
- Consanguineous marriage increases the likelihood of infection
- A family history of the disease
What are the common symptoms of thalassemia?
There are several common symptoms that patients may experience, including:
- Persistent fatigue and exhaustion
- Pale skin color
- Delayed growth in children
- Enlargement of the spleen or liver
- Bone fragility in chronic cases
When should you see a doctor?
It is advised to consult a doctor immediately if any of the following occur:
- Severe unexplained fatigue
- Yellowing of the skin or eyes
- Noticeable abdominal swelling
- Persistent shortness of breath
How is thalassemia diagnosed?
The disease is diagnosed using several methods, including:
- Complete blood count (CBC) to detect anemia
- Hemoglobin electrophoresis to identify the type of defect
- Genetic testing to confirm the presence of the mutation
What are the treatment methods for thalassemia?
There are several treatment options for the disease, including:
- Regular blood transfusions to compensate for the lack of red blood cells
- Iron chelation therapy to prevent iron overload in the body
- Bone marrow transplantation in severe cases
- Taking folic acid supplements to support blood production
Can thalassemia be cured?
Complete recovery is possible in some cases through bone marrow transplantation, but the disease is usually chronic and requires continuous follow up.
What are the prevention tips for thalassemia?
There are several tips to prevent the disease, including:
- Performing genetic tests before marriage
- Avoiding consanguineous marriage as much as possible
- Raising family awareness about the risks of transmitting defective genes
What are the possible complications of thalassemia?
Some complications may occur if treatment is neglected, such as:
- Heart failure due to iron overload
- Liver and spleen problems
- Bone fragility
- Growth delay in children
Frequently asked questions about thalassemia
Can thalassemia be detected in newborns?
Yes, through early blood testing after birth
Can a patient live a normal life?
Yes, with proper treatment and regular follow up
Does the patient need blood transfusions for life?
In severe cases, yes, on a regular basis
Can the disease be detected before birth?
Yes, through genetic testing of the fetus