Ovarian cancer in women is one of the most dangerous types of cancer affecting the female reproductive system. It is known as the silent killer due to its difficulty in detecting it in its early stages.
This disease occurs when abnormal cells in the ovaries grow uncontrollably, leading to the formation of tumors that may spread to other parts of the body.
Early detection and prompt treatment remain key factors in improving the chances of recovery from this disease and reducing its complications.
What is ovarian cancer in women
Ovarian cancer is the abnormal growth of cells in the ovaries, the organ responsible for producing eggs and female hormones. These cells begin to multiply uncontrollably.
This leads to the formation of tumors, which may be benign or malignant. These tumors are cancerous and can spread to the uterus, fallopian tubes, and other parts of the abdomen.
Symptoms of Ovarian Cancer in Women
Ovarian cancer is difficult to detect in women because it may not cause symptoms in the early stages and because its symptoms are vague and mimic those of other health conditions:
- Menstrual irregularities.
- Weight loss and general fatigue.
- Persistent abdominal bloating and swelling.
- Digestive disorders such as constipation and gas.
- Pain and heaviness in the pelvic area below the abdomen.
- Frequent urination and a sudden urge to urinate.
- Feeling full after eating small amounts of food.
Causes of Ovarian Cancer in Women
The exact causes of ovarian cancer in women are not yet known, but several factors increase the risk of developing it, including:
- Smoking.
- Women who have never been pregnant.
- The incidence increases after the age of 50.
- Prolonged use of hormone therapy.
- Being overweight and eating foods high in saturated fat.
- A family history of ovarian or breast cancer.
Complications of Ovarian Cancer in Women
Ovarian cancer in women leads to serious complications if detected in advanced stages and rapidly spreads throughout the body:
- Intestinal obstruction.
- Loss of appetite and weight.
- General weakness and anemia.
- Respiratory disturbances.
- Fluid accumulation in the abdomen (ascites).
- The tumor spreads to other organs such as the uterus, liver, and lungs.
What are the types of ovarian cancer in women
The types of ovarian cancer in women are divided according to the type of cells from which the tumor begins:
- Epithelial cell cancer.
- Germ cell cancer.
- Stromal cell cancer.
Stages of ovarian cancer in women
Ovarian cancer goes through four stages depending on the extent of its spread throughout the body. In the first stage, the tumor is located within one or both ovaries.
In the second stage, the cancer spreads to neighboring organs within the pelvis, such as the fallopian tubes and uterus. In the third stage, the cancer spreads to the abdominal cells and nearby lymph nodes.
Finally, in stage 4, the disease is at its most advanced stage, with cancer cells spreading to distant organs such as the lungs and liver.
How is ovarian cancer diagnosed in women
Diagnosis of ovarian cancer relies on clinical, laboratory, and imaging tests to determine the location and stage of the disease. The doctor begins by taking a medical history and performing a physical examination.
Then, blood tests are performed to measure tumor marker levels, which are elevated in cancer cases. CT scans, ultrasound, and MRI are also used to determine the size and location of the tumor.
In some cases, a biopsy or exploratory surgery is performed to take a tissue sample for analysis to confirm the diagnosis.
Ways to Prevent Ovarian Cancer in Women
The risk of ovarian cancer can be reduced by following the following preventive measures:
- Avoid smoking.
- Maintain a healthy weight.
- Use birth control pills under the supervision of a doctor.
- Get regular checkups if there is a family history of the disease.
- Improve immunity and regulate hormones through physical activity.
What are the treatment options for ovarian cancer in women
Ovarian cancer treatment depends on the stage of the disease, the size and type of tumor, and the patient's health condition. These options include:
- Targeted and immunotherapy.
- Radiation therapy to shrink the tumor.
- Chemotherapy to kill cancer cells.
- Surgical treatment, such as removing one or both ovaries.
- Hormonal therapy to reduce the effect of hormones in stimulating tumor growth.
Is ovarian cancer in women curable
Yes, ovarian cancer in women can be cured if detected early, as the chances of successful treatment are high, reaching 90% in cases.
In advanced stages of the disease, the chances of complete recovery are lower, but it can be controlled through surgery, chemotherapy, and other treatments.
Article Summary
Ovarian cancer in women is one of the most dangerous types of cancer affecting women because it is often detected in advanced stages due to its vague early symptoms and the similarity of symptoms to other diseases.
The disease occurs as a result of the growth of abnormal cells in the ovary. Its danger also lies in its potential to spread to other organs, such as the uterus, liver, and lungs.
Treatment relies on surgery, chemotherapy, and modern therapies. Early diagnosis increases the survival rate, so regular medical follow-up and attention to any unusual symptoms are recommended.