What is Glaucoma?
Glaucoma is an eye condition caused by increased intraocular pressure, which affects the optic nerve and causes a gradual loss of vision. This can develop slowly without noticeable symptoms. Early detection is crucial for preventing permanent vision loss.
Causes of Glaucoma
The most important causes of glaucoma include:
- Chronic elevated intraocular pressure.
- Advancing age, especially over 40.
- A family history of the disease.
- Diseases such as diabetes and high blood pressure.
- Prolonged use of corticosteroids.
- Direct eye injuries.
- Impaired drainage of fluids within the eye.
Symptoms of Glaucoma
There are several symptoms that a patient may notice, including:
- Gradual loss of peripheral vision.
- Blurred vision.
- Pain in or around the eye.
- Seeing colored halos around lights.
- Frequent headaches.
- Redness of the eye.
- Difficulty seeing in the dark.
How Glaucoma is Diagnosed
The disease is diagnosed through a comprehensive eye exam, measuring intraocular pressure, and examining the optic nerve.
The doctor may use a visual field test or retinal tomography to determine the extent of optic nerve involvement and the progression of the condition.
Treatment of Glaucoma
There are several ways to treat glaucoma, including:
- Eye drops to lower eye pressure.
- Oral medications in some cases.
- Laser therapy to improve fluid drainage.
- Surgery to lower pressure.
- Regular monitoring to assess the progression of the condition.
- Protecting the eye from injuries.
- Adhering to the prescribed treatment plan without interruption.
When to See a Doctor?
It is recommended to consult a doctor in the following cases:
- Experience of severe eye pain.
- Sudden loss of vision or significant blurring.
- Seeing halos around lights.
- Persistent redness of the eye.
- Symptoms not improving despite treatment.
- Feeling of pressure inside the eye.
- A family history of the disease with the appearance of symptoms.
Tips for Preventing the Disease
Among the most important recommended preventive measures are:
- Regular eye exams
- Managing chronic diseases such as diabetes.
- Avoiding the use of corticosteroids without medical consultation.
- Exercise regularly to improve blood circulation.
- Protect your eyes from injuries.
- Avoid smoking.
- Eat a healthy diet.
Frequently Asked Questions
Does glaucoma cause vision loss?
Yes, if not treated early.
Can glaucoma be cured completely?
Treatment controls it, but it doesn't eliminate the disease.
Does high eye pressure mean I have glaucoma?
Not always, but it's a significant risk factor.
Does glaucoma require surgery?
Sometimes, if eye drops and laser treatment don't work.
Article Summary
Glaucoma is a condition that causes increased eye pressure, which gradually damages the optic nerve and leads to vision loss if not treated early.
Treatment involves eye drops, laser treatment, and ongoing monitoring to prevent permanent vision loss.