What is rheumatic fever?
Rheumatic fever is an inflammatory disease resulting from the body's response to a bacterial infection, usually following strep throat.
This disease can affect the heart, joints, skin, and nervous system, and requires early diagnosis and treatment to avoid serious complications.
Causes of rheumatic fever
Rheumatic fever occurs as a result of an abnormal immune response following a bacterial infection, including:
- Strep throat infection.
- An overactive immune response to the infection.
- A family history of the disease.
- Failure to treat strep throat with antibiotics promptly.
Symptoms of rheumatic fever
Symptoms appear two to four weeks after strep throat and include:
- High, recurring fever.
- Swelling and pain in the joints, especially the knees and ankles.
- A red or pink rash that appears on the body.
- General fatigue, lethargy, and loss of appetite.
How is rheumatic fever diagnosed?
Diagnosis involves a series of tests to accurately identify the infection, such as:
- Clinical examination of the joints, heart, and skin.
- Blood tests to detect signs of inflammation and bacteria.
- Electrocardiogram (ECG) to assess any impact on the heart valves.
- Throat swab analysis to confirm the presence of streptococcal bacteria.
Treatment of rheumatic fever
Treatment focuses on reducing inflammation and controlling the infection, and includes:
- Antibiotics to eliminate the bacteria causing the infection.
- Pain relievers and anti-inflammatories to reduce pain and swelling.
- Medications to prevent heart complications if the heart is affected.
- Complete rest and regular follow-up appointments with a doctor.
When should you see a doctor?
You should consult a doctor if symptoms of rheumatic fever appear after a sore throat, such as joint swelling or a persistent fever, because delaying treatment can lead to heart valve damage and other complications.
Tips for preventing the disease
The risk of developing rheumatic fever can be reduced by following simple preventive measures, such as:
- Treating sore throat infections with antibiotics immediately.
- Maintain good personal hygiene and wash your hands frequently.
- Avoid close contact with people who have a throat infection.
- Monitor your children's health after any recurrent sore throat.
Frequently Asked Questions
Is rheumatic fever dangerous?
Yes, because it can cause heart and joint complications if not treated early.
Can rheumatic fever be cured?
Yes, with early treatment, a full recovery is possible, but heart complications may persist in some cases.
Are children more susceptible to rheumatic fever?
Yes, children between 5 and 15 years old are the most susceptible group to this disease after strep throat.
Is rheumatic fever a chronic disease?
No, it is not a chronic disease, but it can leave chronic heart complications if not treated early.
Article Summary
Rheumatic fever is an inflammatory disease that can affect the heart and joints if not treated promptly.
Awareness of early symptoms and following preventive measures and early treatment contribute to protecting the patient and reducing serious complications.