What is atherosclerosis?
Atherosclerosis is a chronic condition that develops slowly over the years. It begins with the accumulation of fatty substances known as plaques inside the walls of the arteries.
These plaques are made up of cholesterol, calcium, and fats, and they gradually lead to the narrowing of the arteries and loss of their flexibility.
Over time, these plaques may rupture and form blood clots, which obstruct blood flow to vital organs such as the heart or brain.
It is often referred to as the "silent disease" because it does not show clear symptoms in its early stages, but it can lead to serious complications such as heart attacks or strokes.
What are the causes of atherosclerosis?
There are several common causes of atherosclerosis, including:
- High levels of bad cholesterol in the blood
- Long-term high blood pressure
- Smoking or using tobacco products
- Diabetes or insulin resistance
- Obesity and excess weight
- A diet rich in saturated and trans fats
- Physical inactivity and sedentary lifestyle
- Aging, especially after the age of sixty-five
- Family history of heart disease
What are the common symptoms of atherosclerosis?
Several symptoms may appear in patients with atherosclerosis, including:
- Chest pain (angina)
- Shortness of breath
- Leg pain while walking (claudication)
- Numbness or weakness in the limbs
- Sudden headache or dizziness
- Vision or speech disturbances
- Body swelling and high blood pressure
- Heart attack or stroke
When should you see a doctor?
It is recommended to consult a doctor immediately if any of the following symptoms appear:
- Sudden pain in the chest, arm, or jaw
- Severe shortness of breath
- Numbness or weakness on one side of the body
- Temporary loss of vision or speech
- Severe dizziness or loss of balance
- Unexplained swelling in the limbs
How is atherosclerosis diagnosed?
The disease is diagnosed using several methods, including:
- Clinical examination and review of medical and family history
- Blood tests to measure cholesterol, sugar, and inflammatory proteins
- Electrocardiogram (ECG) to assess heart electrical activity
- Echocardiogram to examine heart valves and size
- Angiography using dye to locate blockages
- Stress test during physical activity
- Carotid ultrasound to examine neck arteries
- Cardiac catheterization to image coronary arteries and detect blockages
What are the treatment options for atherosclerosis?
There are several treatment options for atherosclerosis, including:
- Lifestyle changes such as a healthy diet, regular exercise, and quitting smoking
- Medications to lower cholesterol and blood pressure
- Blood-thinning medications to prevent clots
- Interventional procedures such as balloon angioplasty, stent placement, plaque removal using special tools, and cardiac catheterization.
Can atherosclerosis be cured?
Complete recovery from atherosclerosis is not always possible, but it can be effectively managed.
This depends on early diagnosis, commitment to treatment, and lifestyle changes.
In early stages, disease progression can be significantly reduced and serious complications can be avoided.
What are the prevention tips for atherosclerosis?
Here are some tips to help prevent the disease:
- Regular exercise for thirty minutes daily
- Eating healthy food low in fat, salt, and sugar
- Maintaining an ideal weight
- Monitoring blood pressure and cholesterol levels
- Quitting smoking
- Undergoing regular heart checkups
What are the possible complications of atherosclerosis?
Neglecting treatment may lead to several complications, such as:
- Heart attack
- Stroke
- Chronic kidney failure
- Peripheral artery disease
- Aneurysm
- Heart rhythm disorders
Frequently asked questions about atherosclerosis
Does it affect all arteries?
Yes, but it mostly affects large and medium sized arteries.
Can it be detected early?
Yes, through regular checkups and blood tests.
Does it affect the brain?
Yes, and it may cause a stroke or transient ischemic attack.
Can it be prevented?
Absolutely, through a healthy lifestyle and regular screenings.