What is the difference between a pilonidal sinus and an anal fistula, their symptoms, and causes? A fistula is a channel or tube that forms between two organs or between an organ and the skin.
It usually occurs as a result of infections or surgical procedures, and it may be present from birth. There are two types of fistulas: anal and pilonidal. We will learn the difference between them in the rest of the article.
What is a pilonidal sinus
A pilonidal sinus, or pilonidal sinus, is a cyst filled with hair (a hair follicle) that appears in the lower back, especially around the tailbone.
It results from the accumulation of bacteria on dead skin and shed hair if the area is hairy.
What is an anal fistula
An anal fistula is a tunnel that forms between the inner part of the anus and the outer skin surrounding the anal opening. It occurs as a result of an infection of the anal glands.
Pilonidal and Anal Sinus Symptoms
Among the symptoms of a pilonidal sinus are:
- Severe pain in the tailbone area that worsens with sitting.
- Skin irritation in the tailbone area, causing the patient to itch.
- Fever due to infection or abscess.
- Pus-like discharge from scratching the area.
Annual fistula symptoms include:
- A hole in the skin around the anus.
- Pain in the rectum and anus, especially when sitting or defecating.
- Pus, blood, or oozing from the opening of the tunnel.
- A red, inflamed area around the opening of the tunnel.
- Fever.
Causes of a pilonidal sinus
A person develops a pilonidal sinus for the following reasons:
- Bacteria buildup on dead skin.
- Hair debris buildup if the area has thick hair.
- Prolonged sitting, especially if the position is incorrect.
- If the coccyx hits a hard object.
- Friction between the skin and poor-quality clothing materials causes skin sensitivity.
- Constant skin-to-skin friction.
- A pilonidal sinus may appear as a birth defect.
What are the causes of anal fistulas
Most cases of anal fistula occur as a result of blocked anal glands, which then forms an abscess. Otherwise, they occur as a result of an anal abscess that, if not treated properly, develops into a fistula.
It can also result from an infection of the anal glands, as the infection causes an abscess that drains pus on its own or through anal surgery.
What is the difference between a pilonidal sinus and an anal fistula
An anal fistula occurs as a result of an anal abscess or inflammation of the anal glands. It is usually accompanied by pus and an odor from the perianal opening.
A pilonidal sinus occurs as a result of hair accumulating under the skin near the coccyx, prolonged sitting, or friction.
Pilonidal Sinus Treatment Methods
Treatment for a pilonidal sinus depends on the size of the sinus and the degree of inflammation. In some cases, the doctor may resort to:
Traditional surgery, which involves removing the entire cyst and suturing the area or leaving it open to heal on its own.
Laser treatment, a modern technique that reduces pain and the likelihood of the sinus recurring.
Tips for Preventing Pilonidal Sinus
- Keep the area clean, wash it with soap and water, and dry it well.
- It is important to remove the hair surrounding the sinus regularly, preferably using a laser.
- Avoid sitting for long periods to reduce pressure on the coccyx area.
- Use antibiotics if the inflammation is mild.
What is the best antibiotic for a pilonidal sinus
There is no single best antibiotic for treating a pilonidal sinus, as treatment depends on the condition and the inflammation present. However, it is recommended to consult a doctor to determine the most appropriate treatment.
Common treatments prescribed by doctors include antibiotics such as ciprofloxacin, metronidazole, or amoxicillin with clavulanic acid. In some cases, the antibiotic Fucidin ointment is prescribed.
Anal Fistula Treatment
Surgery is the primary treatment for anal fistula. This involves:
- Opening the fistula by making a small incision in the fistula. The affected tissue is then removed, leaving the wound open to heal internally and externally.
- In complex cases, a special wick is placed to drain the secretions, allowing the fistula to gradually heal.
- Completely removing the fistula tract.
Do fistulas heal on their own
No, fistulas do not heal on their own, especially anal fistulas, as they generally require surgical intervention to avoid complications.
Summary of the Difference Between Pilonidal and Anal Fistulas
The main difference is that an anal fistula occurs as a result of an anal abscess or inflammation of the anal glands, and is usually accompanied by odor and pus around the anus.
While a pilonidal or pilonidal sinus occurs as a result of hair accumulating under the skin near the coccyx, and is often caused by friction and prolonged sitting.