Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is a psychological and physical condition that affects some women in the days leading up to their menstrual period. It is more severe than premenstrual syndrome (PMS). The disorder is characterized by severe mood symptoms and impacts a woman's daily life.
What is premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD)?
Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is a severe psychological and physical health condition that affects some women in the second half of their menstrual cycle, usually a week or two before menstruation.
PMDD is a more severe form of PMS and significantly impacts mood, ability to work or study, and social relationships. Women may feel depressed, extremely angry, and anxious. Therefore, they should consult a specialist to improve their quality of life.
Causes of PMDD
There are several ways that PMDD can be caused, including:
- Hormonal changes, such as fluctuations in estrogen and progesterone levels.
- Chemical imbalances in the brain, especially low serotonin.
- A family history of mood disorders.
- The presence of other mental illnesses, such as depression and anxiety.
Symptoms of Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder
Symptoms begin one to two weeks before the onset of menstruation and include:
- Severe mood swings and sudden crying spells.
- Depression, anxiety, and extreme anger.
- Difficulty concentrating and feeling exhausted.
- Breast pain.
- Headache and sleep disturbances.
- Muscle and joint pain.
- Abdominal bloating.
Methods for Diagnosing the Disorder
Doctors rely on several methods for diagnosis, including:
- A daily symptom log, meaning recording symptoms for at least two months.
- Symptoms meeting DSM-5 diagnostic criteria.
- Excluding other conditions, such as depression, anxiety, and thyroid problems.
Possible Complications of the Disorder
If left untreated, the disorder can lead to several complications, including:
- Worsening of depression and anxiety.
- Poor work or academic performance.
- Tension in social and family relationships.
- Suicidal thoughts in severe cases.
Medications Used to Treat Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder
There are several medications used to treat premenstrual dysphoric disorder, including:
- Serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRIs), such as fluoxetine and sertraline.
- Birth control pills to regulate hormones.
- Antidepressants.
- Diuretics to reduce fluid retention.
- Calcium and magnesium supplements.
Very Important Warning: Please do not take any medication without consulting a specialist.
Methods for Treating Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder
There are several methods used to treat the disorder, including:
- Psychotherapy, especially cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT).
- Regular exercise.
- Eating a healthy diet and reducing caffeine and sugar.
- Relaxation techniques, such as meditation, deep breathing, and good sleep.
- Medication under medical supervision.
Can a woman prevent the disorder?
Yes, although it is difficult to completely prevent it, there are several ways to reduce the risk of developing it or the severity of symptoms, including:
- Maintaining a healthy lifestyle.
- Monitoring your menstrual cycle and recording symptoms.
- Avoiding stress and psychological pressure.
- Quitting smoking. Taking vitamins and supplements under medical supervision.
Does the disorder affect a woman's daily life?
Yes, premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) can affect a woman's daily life, making it difficult to:
- Go to work or school.
- Communicate with family and friends.
- Making sound decisions.
- Maintaining psychological stability in relationships.
- Feeling self-confident.
The difference between PMDD and PMS
PMDD, which is premenstrual dysphoric disorder, significantly and clearly impacts a woman's daily life. Its symptoms include severe depression, anger, and anxiety, and often require medication and psychotherapy.
PMS, which is premenstrual syndrome, has a limited impact on daily life, as its symptoms are mild to moderate, such as mild mood swings. It can be treated with simple lifestyle changes, meaning it does not require psychotherapy.
Article Summary
Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is a severe mental and physical health condition that requires accurate diagnosis and comprehensive psychiatric intervention. The symptoms can be stressful, but they are treatable.
It impacts women's daily lives due to its severe symptoms. Therefore, early diagnosis and appropriate treatment, whether with medication or psychological follow-up with a specialist, can help alleviate symptoms and improve women's quality of life.