What is heart failure?
Heart failure is a chronic condition that occurs when the heart muscle becomes unable to pump blood efficiently enough to meet the body's needs.
This does not mean the heart has stopped working, but rather that it is functioning below its normal capacity. In many cases, blood and fluids accumulate in the lungs or limbs, leading to uncomfortable symptoms such as shortness of breath and swelling.
The condition may develop gradually or appear suddenly, and it requires ongoing medical follow-up and lifelong treatment.
What are the causes of heart failure?
There are several common causes of heart failure, including:
- Coronary artery disease and fat buildup in the arteries
- Heart attacks that damage the heart muscle
- Chronic high blood pressure
- Heart valve diseases
- Myocarditis due to viral infections
- Congenital heart defects
- Heart rhythm disorders (arrhythmias)
- Diabetes
- Severe obesity
- Alcohol or smoking
- Certain medications such as diabetes or cancer drugs
What are the common symptoms of heart failure?
There are several common symptoms that patients may experience, including:
- Shortness of breath during activity or while sleeping
- Persistent fatigue and tiredness
- Swelling in the legs, ankles, and feet
- Rapid or irregular heartbeat
- Cough with white or pink mucus
- Rapid weight gain due to fluid retention
- Loss of appetite and nausea
- Difficulty concentrating or poor attention
- Chest pain (especially if caused by a heart attack)
When should you see a doctor?
It is advised to seek medical attention immediately if any of the following occur:
- Sudden chest pain
- Fainting or severe weakness
- Acute and sudden shortness of breath
- Frothy cough with white or pink color
- Rapid weight gain over a few days
- Worsening symptoms or new symptoms appear
How is heart failure diagnosed?
Heart failure is diagnosed using several methods, including:
- Physical examination and listening to heart and lung sounds
- Echocardiogram to assess heart function
- Blood tests such as BNP to measure heart stress
- Chest X-ray to detect fluid buildup
- Electrocardiogram (ECG) to monitor heart rhythm
- MRI or CT scan in specific cases
What are the treatment options for heart failure?
There are several treatment options for heart failure, including:
Medications
- ACE inhibitors
- Beta blockers
- Diuretics
- Angiotensin receptor blockers
- Digoxin
- SGLT2 inhibitors
Lifestyle changes
- Reducing salt intake
- Regular exercise
- Weight loss
- Quitting smoking
Surgical or device based treatments
- Implanting a pacemaker
- Ventricular assist device
- Heart transplant in advanced cases
Can heart failure be cured?
Complete recovery from heart failure is not always possible, but the condition can be significantly managed.
Commitment to treatment and lifestyle changes can improve symptoms and extend life.
Some cases respond well to treatment, especially if diagnosed early.
What are the prevention tips for heart failure?
There are several tips to help prevent heart failure, including:
- Controlling blood pressure and diabetes
- Eating a healthy and balanced diet
- Exercising regularly
- Maintaining a healthy weight
- Avoiding smoking and alcohol
- Reducing stress
- Adhering to prescribed medications
What are the possible complications of heart failure?
Neglecting treatment may lead to complications such as:
- Kidney failure
- Liver damage
- Heart rhythm disorders
- Heart enlargement or shape changes
- Sudden cardiac arrest
Frequently asked questions about heart failure
Does heart failure mean the heart has stopped?
No, it means the heart is not pumping blood efficiently.
Can young people get heart failure?
Yes, especially in cases of congenital defects or infections.
Is heart failure permanent?
It is often chronic, but it can be managed.
Does it affect daily life?
Yes, but it can improve with treatment.