Infertility in women is a common health problem that can cause significant psychological and social anxiety. It is defined as the inability to conceive after a full year of marriage with regular sexual intercourse without using contraception.
What is infertility in women?
Infertility in women is the delay or failure to conceive despite regular sexual intercourse for 12 months or more. It is divided into:
- Primary infertility: When pregnancy has never occurred since the beginning of marriage.
- Secondary infertility: When pregnancy has occurred previously and then ceased for an extended period without a clear cause.
Causes of infertility in women
Causes vary from hormonal disorders to reproductive organ problems. The most common causes include:
- Ovulation disorders, such as polycystic ovary syndrome.
- Blocked fallopian tubes due to infections or previous surgeries.
- Uterine problems, such as fibroids or birth defects.
- Decreased egg reserve with age.
- Thyroid or prolactin disorders.
Risk Factors That Increase the Chances of Infertility
There are some factors that increase the chances of infertility, including:
- Aging, especially after the age of 35.
- Excessive obesity or extreme thinness.
- Smoking and alcohol abuse.
- Chronic stress and anxiety.
- A family history of fertility problems.
Symptoms of Infertility in Women
Some signs that may indicate a fertility problem include:
- Irregular menstrual cycles.
- Heavy or noticeably scanty menstrual bleeding.
- Severe pain during menstruation or intercourse.
- Abnormal breast discharge due to prolactin imbalance.
Methods for Diagnosing Infertility in Women
To reach a correct diagnosis, the doctor will use several steps and tests, including:
- Medical history and clinical examination.
- Blood tests to measure hormones.
- Color-coded ultrasound of the uterus and fallopian tubes.
- Vaginal ultrasound to examine the ovaries and uterus.
- Hysteroscopy or laparoscopy in some cases.
Methods for Treating Female Infertility
There are some methods for treating female infertility, including:
- Medications to stimulate ovulation, such as Clomid or hormonal injections.
- Treatment of infections or hormonal disorders.
- Surgery to remove fibroids or open blockages.
- ICSI or IVF is an advanced option.
Tips for Prevention and Reducing the Risk of Infertility
Some tips that help prevent infertility include:
- Maintaining a healthy, balanced weight.
- Eating a diet rich in vegetables, fruits, and protein.
- Quitting smoking and reducing caffeine.
- Exercising regularly.
- Regular follow-up with a gynecologist, especially if you have a medical history.
Psychological and Social Complications of Infertility
Infertility not only affects physical health but also extends to psychological and social aspects, including:
- Psychological stress and depression.
- Tension in the marital relationship.
- Feelings of social isolation.
Is it possible to conceive naturally after years of infertility?
Yes, in some cases, a natural pregnancy may occur after treating the underlying cause, or even without treatment.
Does aging significantly affect fertility?
Certainly. A woman's fertility gradually declines after the age of 35 and becomes very weak after 40.
A Summary of the Causes of Infertility in Women and Treatments
Infertility in women is a common problem that may result from hormonal imbalances, blocked fallopian tubes, uterine problems, or a low egg reserve.
Early diagnosis helps in choosing the appropriate treatment, whether medication, surgery, or assisted reproductive techniques.
Maintaining a healthy lifestyle and paying attention to regular checkups reduces the risk of infection and improves the chances of pregnancy.