What is the treatment and what are the symptoms of emphysema, Emphysema is a chronic lung disease that damages the alveoli (air sacs) in the lungs, which can affect the amount of oxygen reaching the blood and thus cause difficulty breathing.
It develops as a result of prolonged exposure to irritants such as smoke, which damages the walls of the alveoli and causes them to enlarge,Common symptoms of emphysema include shortness of breath, fatigue, and a chronic cough.
Quitting smoking is a crucial step in managing the disease, as is avoiding prolonged exposure to chemical fumes, pollutants, and dust.
Types of Emphysema
Emphysema can be classified into several different types, depending on which part of the lungs is affected. These types include:
- Central emphysema, which is the most common type among smokers and primarily affects the upper lobes of the lungs.
- Parasitic emphysema, which affects the peripheral areas of the lungs.
- Panlobular emphysema, which affects both the upper and peripheral lobes of the lungs.
Symptoms of Emphysema
A person with emphysema may experience frequent respiratory infections such as colds and the flu. In severe cases, it can cause weight loss, weakness in the lower body muscles, and swelling in the feet or legs. Symptoms vary depending on the severity of the condition and include:
- Persistent cough.
- Coughing up mucus.
- Shortness of breath, especially with physical activity.
- Wheezing.
- Chest tightness.
What are the causes of emphysema
Emphysema is primarily caused by two main factors: smoking, which is the leading cause, as smokers are six times more likely to develop emphysema than non-smokers.
It can also be caused by genetics or alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency, a genetic disorder that causes white blood cells to attack various body tissues, including lung tissue. Individuals with severe alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency will also develop emphysema over time.
Other causes include exposure to lung irritants such as industrial fumes, air pollutants, and working in coal mines. Factors that increase the risk of developing emphysema include asthma, viral infections, and living in a polluted environment.
How to Diagnose Emphysema
A doctor may use the following tests to diagnose emphysema:
- Clinical examination.
- Chest X-ray.
- Computed tomography (CT) scan.
- Pulmonary function tests.
- Arterial blood gas analysis.
- Measurement of blood gas concentrations.
- Alpha-1 antitrypsin level test.
Treatment of Emphysema
Emphysema is a chronic condition that cannot be cured completely. However, the severity of symptoms can be reduced, and the progression of the disease and its complications can be slowed. One of the most effective treatments is smoking cessation, which is the primary solution for improving symptoms.
The doctor may also prescribe bronchodilators, which relax the muscles around the airways, helping to open the airways and thus facilitate easier breathing. Inhaled corticosteroids may also be prescribed. In severe and advanced cases, a lung transplant may be necessary.
Medications for Treating Emphysema
- Eipicophylline Syrup
- Mucophylline Syrup
- Ventolin Syrup
- Noctorelief Tablets
- Aerotropa Inhalation Ampoules
- Mucotec Capsules
- Factive Tablets
- Sinuc Syrup
Tips for Managing Emphysema
One of the most important tips for managing emphysema is to quit smoking. This is crucial for those with the condition. It's also important to avoid irritants such as dust, chemical fumes, and cold air, and to exercise regularly.
Ways to Prevent Emphysema
- It is important to quit smoking and avoid secondhand smoke as much as possible.
- Wear masks when exposed to dust or chemical fumes.
- Start with regular light exercise and gradually increase the intensity.
- Get enough rest and sleep.
- Drink plenty of water to keep your urinary tract moist.
- Keep your home clean to prevent mold and mildew.
What are the complications of emphysema
Some of the most important complications that can occur as a result of emphysema include:
- Asthma.
- Pulmonary hypertension.
- Pneumonia.
- Heart failure.
- Respiratory acidosis.
Article Summary
Emphysema is a chronic lung disease that damages the alveoli (air sacs) in the lungs, which can affect the amount of oxygen reaching the blood and thus cause difficulty breathing.
It is a disease that worsens and develops over time, and smoking is considered the main cause of infection. To prevent infection, it is recommended to quit smoking to alleviate symptoms and complications.