What is sunburn disease?
Sunburn is a painful skin damage caused by excessive exposure to ultraviolet (UV) rays from the sun.Symptoms usually begin a few hours after exposure and appear as redness and heat in the skin, which may develop into swelling or peeling.
In some cases, the person feels like their skin is burning when touched, even if they are no longer in the sun. The severity of the burn varies depending on skin type and duration of exposure.
What are the causes of sunburn?
Sunburn occurs due to direct or indirect exposure to ultraviolet rays, whether from the sun or artificial sources. Causes include:
- Prolonged sun exposure without protection
- Using tanning beds
- Being in places that reflect sunlight like the sea, snow, or sand
- Not using sunscreen or applying it incorrectly
- Wearing light or transparent clothing that allows UV rays to pass
- Having fair or sensitive skin that burns easily
- Taking medications that increase skin sensitivity to sunlight
- Being outdoors during peak hours between 10 AM and 2 PM
What are the common symptoms of sunburn?
Symptoms vary depending on the severity of the burn, but they are usually noticeable and uncomfortable. Common symptoms include:
- Redness and warmth of the skin when touched
- Pain or tingling in the affected area
- Mild to moderate swelling
- Small fluid-filled blisters
- Skin peeling a few days after exposure
- Headache or general fatigue in severe cases
- Itching or dry skin sensation
- Skin discoloration or dark spots
When should you see a doctor?
Most sunburn cases can be treated at home, but some signs require medical attention. These include:
- Large or painful blisters
- Blisters on the face, hands, or sensitive areas
- Severe skin swelling
- Signs of infection like pus or red streaks
- Increasing pain or severe headache
- High fever or chills
- Vision changes or eye pain
- Dizziness, fainting, or severe dehydration
What are the treatment methods for sunburn?
Treatment depends on the severity of the burn and is often home-based for mild cases. It includes:
- Applying cold compresses to reduce heat
- Taking pain relievers like paracetamol or ibuprofen
- Moisturizing the skin with creams containing aloe vera or hydrocortisone
- Avoiding sun exposure until the skin heals
- Drinking plenty of water to prevent dehydration
- Not popping blisters to avoid infection
- Wearing loose clothing to reduce friction
- Using fragrance-free moisturizers
Can sunburn be cured?
Yes, most sunburn cases heal naturally within a few days to a week, depending on the burn degree.The skin starts to peel as a sign of recovery, but some effects like discoloration may last longer.
Fast recovery depends on rest, hydration, and avoiding repeated sun exposure. In severe cases, medical follow up may be necessary.
What are the tips to prevent sunburn?
Prevention is key to avoiding pain and complications. Tips include:
- Using sunscreen with SPF 30 or higher
- Reapplying sunscreen every two hours or after swimming
- Wearing a hat and sunglasses
- Avoiding sun exposure during peak hours
- Wearing clothes that cover the skin
- Staying in the shade as much as possible
- Avoiding tanning devices
- Being aware of medication effects on skin sensitivity
What are the possible complications of sunburn?
If the burn is not treated properly, it may lead to unpleasant or serious complications, such as:
- Skin infection due to popped blisters
- Permanent skin discoloration or spots
- Accelerated skin aging and wrinkles
- Increased risk of skin cancer
- Severe dehydration or fluid loss
- Chronic pain or permanent light sensitivity
- Scarring in severe cases
- Eye damage from direct UV exposure
Frequently asked questions about sunburn
Can sunburn happen in winter?
Yes, UV rays are present even in cold weather.
Does sunscreen completely prevent sunburn?
It reduces the risk but doesn't eliminate it if not used properly.
Is dark skin prone to sunburn?
Yes, but symptoms may be less visible and appear differently.
Can yogurt or toothpaste treat sunburn?
No, it's not recommended. Use medical products instead.
Article summary
Sunburn is a common but painful condition caused by excessive exposure to ultraviolet rays.Prevention through sunscreen and proper clothing is the best way to avoid it.
If affected, immediate home care is advised, and a doctor should be consulted if severe or unusual symptoms appear.