What is angina?
Angina is not a disease in itself, but rather a sign indicating an underlying heart problem, specifically in the coronary arteries. The patient feels pain or pressure in the chest, as if something heavy is pressing down forcefully. This pain often radiates to the arm, neck, or jaw.
This pain occurs due to a reduced flow of oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle. Angina can be stable, occurring during physical exertion, or unstable, appearing even at rest. It may also be a warning sign of an impending heart attack.
What are the causes of angina?
There are several common causes of angina, including:
- Atherosclerosis due to fat buildup inside the arteries
- Coronary artery disease
- Chronic high blood pressure
- High cholesterol or triglyceride levels
- Smoking
- Diabetes
- Obesity and lack of physical activity
- Stress and psychological pressure
- Excessive alcohol consumption
What are the common symptoms of angina?
Several symptoms are commonly experienced by patients, including:
- Pain or pressure in the center of the chest that may radiate to the arms, shoulders, or jaw
- A burning or fullness sensation in the chest
- Shortness of breath
- Sudden sweating
- Nausea or dizziness
- General fatigue
When should you see a doctor?
It is strongly advised to seek medical attention immediately if any of the following occur:
- Chest pain that does not go away with rest or medication
- Sudden or unusual chest pain
- Severe or recurring shortness of breath
- Cold sweats accompanied by dizziness or nausea
- Pain radiating to the arm, jaw, or back
How is angina diagnosed?
Angina is diagnosed using several methods, including:
- Clinical examination: The doctor listens to the symptoms and reviews the patient's medical and family history
- Electrocardiogram (ECG): A test that records the heart's electrical activity to detect abnormalities
- Stress test: Performed during light physical activity to monitor heart performance under effort
- Echocardiogram: An ultrasound that shows heart movement and pumping strength
- Angiography: Used to identify blockages or narrowing in the arteries
- Blood tests: Help detect high cholesterol or signs of heart muscle damage
What are the treatment options for angina?
There are several treatment approaches for angina, including:
1. Lifestyle modifications
- Quit smoking completely
- Follow a healthy and balanced diet
- Engage in regular physical activity
- Reduce stress and psychological pressure
- Lose excess weight to improve heart health
2. Medications
A range of medications is used to improve blood flow and reduce symptoms, such as:
- Aspirin: To reduce blood clotting
- Nitrates: To widen arteries and improve blood flow
- Beta-blockers: To reduce the heart's workload
- Calcium channel blockers and statins: To lower blood pressure and cholesterol
- ACE inhibitors: To enhance blood flow to the heart
3. Medical procedures
- Angioplasty: Widening narrowed arteries using a catheter
- Stent placement: To keep the artery open
- Coronary artery bypass surgery: In severe cases
Can angina be cured?
Angina can be significantly controlled, especially if diagnosed early and managed according to the doctor's instructions.
While complete recovery may not be possible in all cases, adherence to treatment and lifestyle changes can reduce symptoms and prevent serious complications like heart attacks.
What are the prevention tips for angina?
Here are some tips to help prevent angina:
- Quit smoking immediately
- Maintain a healthy weight
- Exercise regularly
- Eat a low-fat, low-salt diet
- Control blood pressure and blood sugar levels
- Reduce stress and anxiety
- Have regular medical check-ups
What are the possible complications of angina?
If left untreated, angina may lead to complications such as:
- Heart attack
- Heart failure
- Irregular heart rhythms
- Reduced quality of life due to frequent pain
- Sudden death in severe cases
Frequently Asked Questions about Angina
Does angina always mean a heart attack?
No, but it may indicate a risk of one.
Can I exercise if I have angina?
Yes, but only under medical supervision and after evaluation.
Can angina go away completely?
It can be controlled, but may not disappear entirely.
Does arm pain always mean angina?
Not always, but it should be medically evaluated.